Zürich became embroiled in conflicts with neighbouring territories, but economic growth continued relatively unimpeded. As the guilds became more powerful, the city was able to purchase its freedom from the emperor in 1400, and tax obligations were lifted. In 1336 the citizens accepted a constitution that, based democratically on the guild system, balanced the power of the various crafts, the trades, and the nobility.
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In 1218 Zürich became an imperial free city, and in 1351 it joined the Swiss Confederation, a coalition of cantons that were opposed to the Austrian Habsburgs. The community began to flourish as traders settled in the town and took advantage of its position straddling European trade routes. After the collapse of Rome, the community fell first to the Alemanni, a Germanic people from the north, and later to the Franks, who made it a royal residence.
Under Roman rule, Zürich grew into a small army stronghold with an adjacent vicus, or Roman village. The Celtic Helvetii founded a community on the right bank of the Limmat River when the Romans conquered this area about 58 bce, they made the settlement, which they called Turicum, a customs post. The first inhabitants of the region were the prehistoric peoples whose hut dwellings rose from pile foundations driven into the shores of the lake. Area city, 34 square miles (88 square km). Zürich’s western and northeastern limitations are formed by the Albis mountains (which include the 2,850-foot Üetliberg, considered the “top” of Zürich, with an idyllic view of the lake, mountains, and city) and by Zürichberg, a wooded hilly area.
Two rivers, the Limmat and Sihl, run through the city. Located in an Alpine setting at the northwestern end of Lake Zürich, this financial, cultural, and industrial centre stretches out between two forested chains of hills, about 40 miles (60 km) from the northern foothills of the Alps. Zürich, largest city of Switzerland and capital of the canton of Zürich. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.
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